PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene						Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller					259.51
		Wordian				Leine					264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Huashibanian		318.5 *
					Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	Late Mississippian		330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	Middle Mississippian		335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian	Paibian					494
		Paibian	Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian				Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Drumian				Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
											538.8