PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian						0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene					Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene					Castlecliffian				0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Yushean		Mangapanian			Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Waipipian				3
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Waipipian				3.6
										Opoitian				3.7
								Baodean		Opoitian				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene				Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan				7.246
									Southland	Waiauan				11.04
								Tunggurian						11.1
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene									11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian				Shanwangian		Lillburnian				13.82
										Clifdenian				15.1
									Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene									15.98
								Xiejiaan						16.9
										Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene					Waitakian				23.03
										Duntroonian				25.2
										Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian	Early Oligocene									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene									33.9
									Arnold	Runangan				34.6
										Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene					Kaiatan				37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian				41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
										Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian	Early Eocene					Heretaungan				47.8
										Mangaorapan				48.9
										Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene					Teurian				56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian						Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
										Mangaotanean				90.5
										Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan				93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
										Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan				100.5
										Urutawan				103.3
									Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian						Korangan				113
				Aptian										117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan		145
			Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan		150
							Heterian		154.5
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Callovian				Temaikan		164.3
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan		176
			Pliensbachian				Ururoan		184.2
			Pliensbachian				Aratauran		188.9
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
			Norian				Warepan		208.5
							Otamitan		217
							Oretian		221
			Carnian				Oretian		227
			Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan		237
			Ladinian				Etalian		238
			Anisian				Etalian		242
			Anisian				Malakovian		246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian				Nelsonian	249
			Induan				Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan			DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian				Flettian		264.28
			Wordian				Barettian		266
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian				307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian				323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian				330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †					497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635