PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126006 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran															0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene																	0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian															0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian															0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan															1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan															1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian															2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian														Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Waipipian															3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Waipipian															3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Opoitian															3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean															5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan															7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan															7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan															11.04
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Waiauan															11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian															13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian															13.82
					Clifdenian															15.1
				Pareora	Altonian															15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene		Altonian															15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian															18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian															20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian															21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Waitakian															23.03
					Duntroonian															25.2
					Whaingaroan															27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene																	33.9
				Arnold	Runangan															34.6
					Kaiatan															36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Kaiatan															37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian															39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian															41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan															42.6
					Heretaungan															45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Heretaungan															47.8
					Mangaorapan															48.9
					Waipawan															52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Teurian															56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene																	59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian															66
		Campanian			Haumurian															72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan															83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan															86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
					Mangaotanean															90.5
					Arowhanan															93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan															93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian															95.2
					Motuan															99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan															100.5
					Urutawan															103.3
				Taitai	Korangan															108.4
		Aptian			Korangan															113
		Aptian																		117.5
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian							192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju		Porkuni					Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
				Pusgillian									449.3 *
				Vormsi	Caradoc						Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
				Vormsi						Berounian				449.7 *
				Nabala										Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere											450.6 *
				Rakvere							Cheneyan				451.5 *
				Oandu							Cheneyan				452 *
				Oandu							Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian		Keila										Idavere †	453
				Keila									Actonian †		453.2 *
				Haljala									Actonian †		453.9
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Kukruse														456.4 *
											Aurelucian							456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
				Uhaku										Aluoja †				457.5 *
												Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn						Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
										Dobrotivian								458.5 *
				Lasnamagi				458.9 *		Dobrotivian
				Lasnamagi				Oretanian		459.7 *
				Aseri		460.4 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
							Sarka †				461.7 *
			Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
				Kunda							Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †							467.3
								Arenigian						468
					Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
				Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
									Latorp †			470.1 *
						Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Hunneberg		Whitlandian						473.7 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
								Cressagian				480.8 *
				Varangu								481.3 *
				Pakerort								482.2 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †		497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †			504.5
																				509