PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Devonian of France	Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene							Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian										Wordian		264.28
		Roadian										Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian											Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian											Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian											Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian											Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian								298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian								303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	Famennian		358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	Givetian		382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian		Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
														509