PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Central Paratethys Stages	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene	MN 17					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	MN 16			Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	MN 15					3.2
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene	MN 15					3.6
						MN 14					4.2
						MN 13					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	MN 13					5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12	Pannonian				7.246
						MN 11					7.75
						MN 10					8.7
						MN 9					9.7
						MN 7 + 8					11.1
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8	Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6	Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5					13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene	MN 4					15.98
						MN 3					16.9
						MN 2					20
				Aquitanian		MN 2					20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1					22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
				Carnian							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
											1400