PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126186 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene														0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene														0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Tertiary †											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene														5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene														7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene														11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene														13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene														15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A													33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	MP 16													37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11													41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5												56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene														59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian									Bursumian †						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Virgilian						298.9
		Kasimovian									Missourian						303.7
		Kasimovian									Desmoinesian						305.9 *
		Moscovian									Desmoinesian						307
		Moscovian						Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian	323.2
		Visean						Chesterian	330.9
								Meramecian	335.8 *
								Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian						Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian						Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian							427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian							429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan	445.2
					Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †					449.6 *
					Cheneyan						451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
						Actonian †					453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †					Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †						455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †						456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †					Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian										Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †			Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †			Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4													Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran	514
															Montezuman	514.8 *
															Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8