PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Siberia			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene								Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene	Pannonian									7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Sarmatian									11.63
				Serravallian		Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene										15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene										41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene							Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene						Gashatan				56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †					298.9
				Kasimovian						Mapingian †					303.7
				Kasimovian											305.9
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian			489.5
				Aksaian			490.7 *
				Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian				494
			Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan					509
				Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
				Botomian					512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian					514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian					515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400