PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126536 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Australia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian			MP 16		Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4					100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3					113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan		150
												Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4					168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2			Ururoan		184.2
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2			Aratauran		188.9
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1					192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
				Norian								Warepan		208.5
												Otamitan		217
												Oretian		221
				Carnian					Triassic 3			Oretian		227
				Carnian					Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2			Kaihikuan		237
				Ladinian								Etalian		238
				Anisian								Etalian		242
				Anisian								Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1			Malakovian		247.2
				Olenekian								Nelsonian		249
Induan				251.2								Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4			Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian				Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian				Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan				Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Aparima				Flettian		259.51
			Wordian						Flettian		264.28
									Barettian		266
				Murgabian							266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian		Permian 3					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kubergandian					273.01
						Kubergandian			Mangapirian		276
						Bolorian					279.8
			Artinskian								283.5
									Telfordian		285
						Yakhtashian			Telfordian		286
						Yakhtashian					288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Bolindian	443.8
			Katian				Bolindian	445.2
							Eastonian	449 *
							Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian				Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian	470
							Bendigonian	471.8 *
							Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Warendian	482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian			Cambrian 5				485.4
			Stage 10	Payntonian							486.8 *
			Jiangshanian	Iverian							489.5
			Paibian	Idamean							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan			Cambrian 4				Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian	Boomerangian								499
			Drumian	Undillan								500.5
			Drumian	Floran								503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian			Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †		504.5
			Wuliuan	Ordian						Stage 5 †		507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian								509
			Stage 4	510.8 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
			Tonian									Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
			Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400