PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
				Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
				Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian				307
				Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian				323.2
				Visean								Middle Mississippian				330.9
				Tournaisian								Early Mississippian				346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway									358.9
Frasnian			Late Devonian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko	382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	489.5
							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian				Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian						499.5
			Drumian				Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian				Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan				Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
							Toyonian			510 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3				Botomian			514
			Stage 3				Atdabanian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
			Stage 2							525.5
			Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian		Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
		Ediacaran									Vendian		Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian									Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau				1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan				1375
																1400