PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	European Faunal Zones	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of France	Cambrian Epochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian		MN 17							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16					Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian		MN 15							3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15							3.6
						MN 14							4.2
						MN 13							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13							5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12				Pannonian			7.246
						MN 11							7.75
						MN 10							8.7
						MN 9							9.7
						MN 7 + 8							11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8				Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6				Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5							13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4							15.98
						MN 3							16.9
						MN 2							20
				Aquitanian		MN 2							20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1							22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						259.51
				Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						264.28
				Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Pragian		Coblencien			408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian		485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
													1400