PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian		Pannonian											7.246
				Serravallian		Sarmatian											11.63
				Serravallian		Badenian											12.8 *
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian							Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan							56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan				150
													Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian									Warepan				208.5
													Otamitan				217
													Oretian				221
				Carnian									Oretian				227
				Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian									Etalian				238
				Anisian									Etalian				242
				Anisian									Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian									Nelsonian				249
				Induan									Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan								DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Makarewan				251.902
				Changhsingian									Waiitian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian									Waiitian			Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian									Puruhauan			Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
			Wordian		Barettian			266
			Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	443.8
			Katian					Bolindian	445.2
								Eastonian	449 *
								Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian					Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian					Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
								Bendigonian	471.8 *
								Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian					Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian					Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian		Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					Marjumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				Topazan	Stage 5 †				504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran	Stage 5 †				506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †				509
			Stage 4				Dyeran					511 *
			Stage 3				Dyeran					514
							Montezuman					514.8 *
							Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian						538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian						Karatau						800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau						1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan						1375
																	1400