PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian							0.0117
				Chibanian		Lujanian							0.129
				Chibanian		Ensenadan							0.3 *
				Calabrian		Ensenadan							0.774
				Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
				Gelasian		Sanandresian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean						Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
				Zanclean		Chapadmalalan							3.6
						Montehermosan							3.7 *
						Huayquerian							4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
						Chasicoan							7.9 *
						Mayoan							9.9 *
						Laventan							10.9 *
				Serravallian		Laventan							11.63
				Serravallian		Colloncuran							13.7 *
				Langhian		Colloncuran							13.82
				Langhian		Friasian							15.4 *
				Burdigalian		Friasian							15.98
						Santacrucian							16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
				Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian							20.44
				Aquitanian		Deseadan							20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
				Rupelian		Tinguirirican							28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican							33.9
				Priabonian		Divisaderan							35.9 *
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Lutetian		Mustersan							41.9 *
				Ypresian		Mustersan							47.8
				Ypresian		Casamayoran							47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican							56
						Itaboraian							56.9 *
						Peligran							58.9 *
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
				Danian		Tiupampan							62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
								Planulata					179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
Kanense					181.3 *
Carlottense					182.3 *
Kunae					183.5 *
Kunae				Pliensbachian	184.2
Freboldi					185.1 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi					Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis		190.3 *
				Sinemurian			192.9
Pseudaetomoceras							Psiloceras	196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
			Wordian						264.28
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Artinskian						283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan						1375
													1400