PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of Britain		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian								0.0117
				Chibanian				Ionian								0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
				Asselian							Kuzel					297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
											Stephanian	Stephanian C				300.3 *
												Stephanian B				300.9 *
Stephanian A					301.4 *
Stephanian A				Kasimovian	303.7
Cantabrian				Kasimovian	305 *
Cantabrian				Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
Westphalian						Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
				Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
Namurian						Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Tournaisian				Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien				408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		Series 3 †	497
	Drumian		500.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai								509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																635