PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan					150
														Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian										Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian										Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian										Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian										Warepan					208.5
														Otamitan					217
														Oretian					221
				Carnian										Oretian					227
				Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian										Etalian					238
				Anisian										Etalian					242
				Anisian										Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian										Nelsonian					249
				Induan										Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan									DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian										Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian										Waiitian				Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian										Puruhauan				Longtanian †	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Aparima	Flettian					259.51
Wordian				264.28										Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian					Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dapingian								467.3
			Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian					Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10									487.5
			Jiangshanian									489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †									497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																			1400