PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian				Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian				Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan				150
											Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian							Warepan				208.5
											Otamitan				217
											Oretian				221
				Carnian							Oretian				227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian							Etalian				238
				Anisian							Etalian				242
				Anisian							Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian							Nelsonian				249
				Induan							Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan						DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian		Makarewan				251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian	253.2				Dorashamian
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
				Murgabian					266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian					273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian			276
				Bolorian					279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
				Yakhtashian		Telfordian			286
				Yakhtashian					288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian	Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	443.8
			Katian					Bolindian	445.2
								Eastonian	449 *
								Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian					Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian					Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
								Bendigonian	471.8 *
								Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian					Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian					Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400