PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian					Pannonian							7.246
				Serravallian					Sarmatian							11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
				Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian									Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
				Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
													Filipovian			276.5 *
													Saraninian			280.1 *
				Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
													Irginian			285.9 *
													Burtsevian			287.8 *
				Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
				Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
				Asselian								Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
Uskalykian					294.8
Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian						Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan					Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan					Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4					Dyeran				511 *
			Stage 3					Dyeran				514
								Montezuman				514.8 *
								Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †			Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †			Wonokan †			571.7 *
																635