PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian							0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian					Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian					0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean		Mangapanian				Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian					3
				Zanclean					Waipipian					3.6
									Opoitian					3.7
							Baodean		Opoitian					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan					7.246
								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
							Tunggurian							11.1
				Serravallian										11.63
				Serravallian					Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian			Shanwangian		Lillburnian					13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian										15.98
							Xiejiaan							16.9
									Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan					37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian					41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan					47.8
									Mangaorapan					48.9
									Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian					56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian					Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian					Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
									Mangaotanean					90.5
									Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian					Arowhanan					93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
									Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan					100.5
									Urutawan					103.3
								Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian					Korangan					113
				Aptian										117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan		145
			Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan		150
						Heterian		154.5
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Callovian			Temaikan		164.3
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
			Pliensbachian			Ururoan		184.2
			Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
			Norian			Warepan		208.5
						Otamitan		217
						Oretian		221
			Carnian			Oretian		227
			Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
			Ladinian			Etalian		238
			Anisian			Etalian		242
			Anisian			Malakovian		246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
			Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian		264.28
			Wordian			Barettian		266
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
			Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean					Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian					Early Mississippian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †					497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635