PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of Britain		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian											Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
															Kawhia	Ohauan		150
																Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian												Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian											Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Pliensbachian												Ururoan		184.2
				Pliensbachian												Aratauran		188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
				Norian												Warepan		208.5
																Otamitan		217
																Oretian		221
				Carnian												Oretian		227
				Carnian											Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Kaihikuan		237
				Ladinian												Etalian		238
				Anisian												Etalian		242
				Anisian												Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												Malakovian		247.2
				Olenekian												Nelsonian		249
				Induan												Nelsonian		251.2
				Induan											DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Makarewan		251.902
				Changhsingian												Waiitian		253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †								Waiitian		254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †								Puruhauan		254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Aparima	Flettian		259.51
Wordian				264.28												Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
			Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian			323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian			330.9
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
						Middle Givetian					383.7 *
						Early Givetian					385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Southwoodian				387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Southwoodian				390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian					410.8
						Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	St Davids		497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Caerfai		509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																		635