PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Central Paratethys Stages	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene			Pannonian				7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene			Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian						Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein							Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller								259.51
				Wordian		Leine								264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian									298.9
				Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian									303.7
				Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian									307
Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10				Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian				Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian				Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids			Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai					509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400