PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian									66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic									100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian									125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan				150
									Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian							Warepan				208.5
									Otamitan				217
									Oretian				221
		Carnian							Oretian				227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian							Etalian				238
		Anisian							Etalian				242
		Anisian							Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian				249
		Induan							Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan						DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan				251.902
		Changhsingian							Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian							Waiitian			Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Puruhauan			Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Aparima	Flettian				259.51
		Wordian	264.28						Flettian
		Wordian	Barettian		266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian		283.5
			Telfordian		285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian				324 *
				Pendleian				327.4 *
		Visean		Middle Mississippian		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		504.5
													509