PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					0
				Northgrippian					0.0042
				Greenlandian					0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian					0.129
				Calabrian					0.774
				Gelasian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					5.333
				Tortonian					7.246
				Serravallian					11.63
				Langhian					13.82
				Burdigalian					15.98
				Aquitanian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					33.9
				Bartonian					37.71
				Lutetian					41.2
				Ypresian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					56
				Selandian					59.2
				Danian					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
				Campanian					72.1
				Santonian					83.6
				Coniacian					86.3
				Turonian					89.8
				Cenomanian					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
				Aptian					113
				Barremian					121.4
				Hauterivian					125.77
				Valanginian					132.6
				Berriasian					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
				Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Oxfordian					154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
				Bathonian					165.3
				Bajocian					168.2
				Aalenian					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
				Pliensbachian					184.2
				Sinemurian					192.9
				Hettangian					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
				Norian					208.5
				Carnian					227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
				Wordian					264.28
				Roadian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
				Artinskian					283.5
				Sakmarian					290.1
				Asselian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
Kasimovian				303.7	Late Pennsylvanian
Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						1000
		Ectasian						1200
		Calymmian						1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian						1600
		Orosirian						1800
		Rhyacian						2050
		Siderian						2300
Archean	Neoarchean							2500
	Mesoarchean							2800
	Paleoarchean							3200
	Eoarchean							3600
Hadean								4000
									4600