PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Sheridanian						0.0117
				Chibanian											Sheridanian						0.129
				Chibanian											Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
				Calabrian											Cudahyan/Sappan						0.774
				Calabrian											Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean																	3.6
				Zanclean											Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						4.7
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian		Pannonian															7.246
				Tortonian		Pannonian									Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						9.4
				Serravallian		Sarmatian									Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						11.63
						Sarmatian									late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
						Badenian															12.8 *
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
															Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
															late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
																Monroecreekian					23.1 *
																Geringian					24.7 *
				Rupelian												Geringian					27.82
				Rupelian																	29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian											Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						33.9
				Priabonian																	37
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Bartonian											Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
				Lutetian											Late Uintan/Early Uintan						41.2
				Lutetian											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
				Ypresian											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						47.8
															Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
																	Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				56
				Thanetian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				56.2
				Selandian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				59.2
				Selandian													To3/To2/To1				60.9
				Danian													To3/To2/To1				61.6
				Danian													Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
Norian				208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian				Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Pusgillian	449.5
										Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
										Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
										Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
										Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian							Keila				Idavere †	453
										Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
										Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
										Kukruse						456.4 *
												Aurelucian				456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
										Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
										Lasnamagi						458.9 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
										Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
									Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
														Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo								466.3 *
										Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian											467.3
											Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
										Billingen							469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian											470
														Latorp †			470.1 *
Whitlandian												471.1 *
Whitlandian										Hunneberg		473.7 *
Moridunian				474.3 *
Tremadocian			Xinchangian	Tremadoc		Migneintian					477.7
						Migneintian		Lianghekou †			477.9 *
						Cressagian					480.8 *
										Varangu	481.3 *
										Pakerort	482.2 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †		497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian																Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau	1000
		Stenian																Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																Burzyan	1375
																					1400