PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126368 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Germany	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian									3
		Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian									3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan									11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian									13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian									15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan			MP 16						37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian			MP 16						39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						47.8
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian		Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
				Mangaotanean									90.5
				Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan									93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
				Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan									100.5
				Urutawan									103.3
			Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian		Korangan									113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan			150
						Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian				Warepan			208.5
						Otamitan			217
						Oretian			221
		Carnian				Oretian			227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian				Etalian			238
		Anisian				Etalian			242
		Anisian				Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian			Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian				249
		Induan				Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan				251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Aparima			Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Barettian		266
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian							Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian							Mangapirian		283.5
									Telfordian		285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian			393.3
		Pragian						Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †					497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
													509