PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian										Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
		Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian											3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan											11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
				Clifdenian											15.1
			Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian											15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
				Duntroonian											25.2
				Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
			Arnold	Runangan											34.6
				Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
				Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
				Mangaorapan											48.9
				Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian											66
		Campanian		Haumurian											72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
				Mangaotanean											90.5
				Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
				Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
				Urutawan											103.3
			Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian		Korangan											113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan	150
						Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Herangi	Ururoan	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	176
							Planulata	179.3 *
							Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
							Kanense		181.3 *
							Carlottense		182.3 *
							Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae		184.2
							Freboldi		185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Aratauran	Whiteavesi/Imlayi			188.9
										189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian								192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian				Warepan				208.5
						Otamitan				217
						Oretian				221
		Carnian				Oretian				227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian				Etalian				238
		Anisian				Etalian				242
		Anisian				Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian				249
		Induan				Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan				251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan				Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian					259.51
		Wordian				Flettian					264.28
		Wordian				Barettian					266
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian					276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian					283.5
						Telfordian					285
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian									Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian							307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian							323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian							330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle							Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle							Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale							Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas	Gleedonian	427.4
				Wych							Woolhope	Gleedonian	428.4 *
												Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Telychian											436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park									439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
															509