PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran												0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian										0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian												0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian												0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan												1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan												1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian												2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian		Yushean									Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian												3
				Zanclean		Waipipian												3.6
						Opoitian												3.7
						Opoitian		Baodean										4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan												7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan												7.246
					Southland	Waiauan												11.04
								Tunggurian										11.1
				Serravallian														11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian												13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian		Shanwangian										13.82
						Clifdenian												15.1
					Pareora	Altonian												15.9
				Burdigalian														15.98
								Xiejiaan										16.9
						Otaian												18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian												20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian												21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian												23.03
						Duntroonian												25.2
						Whaingaroan												27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
					Arnold	Runangan												34.6
						Kaiatan												36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan												37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian												39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian												41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
						Heretaungan												45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan												47.8
						Mangaorapan												48.9
						Waipawan												52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian												56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian												66
				Campanian		Haumurian												72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan												83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
						Mangaotanean												90.5
						Arowhanan												93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan												93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian												95.2
						Motuan												99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan												100.5
						Urutawan												103.3
					Taitai	Korangan												108.4
				Aptian		Korangan												113
				Aptian														117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Eastonian				Cautleyan	449 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Gisbornian				Cheneyan		452 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian			453
						Actonian †						453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †							455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Aurelucian							456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
										Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian	Yapeenian						Klabava †				467.3
								Arenigian						468
						Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
				Castlemainian										468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian										470
				Chewtonian			Whitlandian							471.1 *
				Bendigonian										471.8 *
				Lancefieldian										473.5 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian				477.7
Cressagian										480.8 *
Cressagian				Warendian						482.8 *
				Warendian				485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													538.8
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian													720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
			Ectasian													1200
			Calymmian													1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
			Orosirian													1800
			Rhyacian													2050
			Siderian													2300
	Archean	Neoarchean														2500
		Mesoarchean														2800
		Paleoarchean														3200
		Eoarchean														3600
	Hadean															4000
																		4600