PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Cambrian Epochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Villanyian				Tertiary †	2.58
				Waipipian	Villanyian					3
					Ruscinian					3.1 *
		Zanclean								3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian					5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian					Pannonian			7.246
					Vallesian					8.7
			Southland	Waiauan	Vallesian					11.04
		Serravallian			Astaracian		Sarmatian			11.63
							Badenian			12.8 *
				Lillburnian			Badenian			13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
				Clifdenian						15.1
			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian	Orleanian					15.98
				Otaian	Orleanian					18.7
					Agenian					20
		Aquitanian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						23.03
				Duntroonian						25.2
				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
				Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian						41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan						47.8
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian		Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan						93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						100.5
				Urutawan						103.3
			Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian		Korangan						113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
										538.8