PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126520 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Tarantian					0.0117
				Chibanian							Ionian					0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian					Ionian					0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan	MN 17									1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian	MN 17									2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	MN 16								Tertiary †	2.58
						Waipipian	MN 16									3
							MN 15									3.2
				Zanclean												3.6
						Opoitian										3.7
							MN 14									4.2
							MN 13									4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian			MN 12									7.246
							MN 11									7.75
							MN 10									8.7
							MN 9									9.7
					Southland	Waiauan	MN 9									11.04
							MN 7 + 8									11.1
				Serravallian			MN 7 + 8									11.63
							MN 6									12.8 *
						Lillburnian	MN 6									13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian	MN 5									13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian			MN 4									15.98
							MN 3									16.9
						Otaian	MN 3									18.7
							MN 2									20
				Aquitanian												20.44
					Landon	Waitakian										21.7
							MN 1									22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan										37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian										41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan										47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian										56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean										90.5
						Arowhanan										93.7
Cenomanian				93.9		Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian		Korangan	113
			Aptian			117.5
			Barremian			121.4
			Hauterivian			125.77
			Valanginian			132.6
			Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras		168.2
			Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
			Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
						Planulata		179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense			181.3 *
						Carlottense			182.3 *
						Kunae			183.5 *
			Pliensbachian			Kunae			184.2
						Freboldi			185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian							192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
			Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
			Norian							208.5
			Carnian							227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian								Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
											Huashibanian	318.5 *
											Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
			Serpukhovian							Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
			Visean							Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Visean							Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
			Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
			Pragian									407.6
			Lochkovian									410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Wonokan †			Vendian †	571.7 *
																635