PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126175 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Eastern North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran															0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian															0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian															0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan															1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan															1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian															2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian														Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian															3
				Zanclean		Waipipian															3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian															3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean															5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan															7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan															7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan															11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan															11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian															13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian															13.82
						Clifdenian															15.1
					Pareora	Altonian															15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian															15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian															18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian															20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian															21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian													23.03
						Duntroonian															25.2
						Whaingaroan															27.3
				Rupelian			Kekeamuan														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian														33.9
					Arnold	Runangan															34.6
						Kaiatan															36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan														37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian															39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian															41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan															42.6
						Heretaungan															45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan		Bumbanian													47.8
						Mangaorapan															48.9
						Waipawan															52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Gashatan														56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian															66
				Campanian		Haumurian															72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan															83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan															86.1
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
						Mangaotanean															90.5
						Arowhanan															93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan															93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian															95.2
						Motuan															99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan															100.5
						Urutawan															103.3
					Taitai	Korangan															108.4
				Aptian		Korangan															113
				Aptian																	117.5
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
			Wordian						264.28
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Artinskian						283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	Gleedonian			427.4
							Jaagarahu	Gleedonian			429.2 *
								Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani				431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani				433.4
			Telychian				Adavere				434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere				438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula				439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula				440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru				441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan						448.9 *
						Pusgillian						449.3 *
						Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian	453
				Actonian †								453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †								Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †									455.2 *
				Longvillian †							Aurelucian		456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Aurelucian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
						Whitlandian							471.1 *
						Moridunian							474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Ungurian		Tremadoc							Migneintian	477.7
						Tremadoc							Cressagian	480.8 *
														485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean										Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian											Batyrbaian	489.5
Aksaian															490.7 *
Sakian															492.2 *
			Paibian	Paibian	494
			Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian									494.9 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian									Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian	Drumian		Zhanaarykian										500.5
		Drumian	Drumian		Tuesaian										503
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Tuesaian										Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian												Stage 5 †	505.3
Series 2		Stage 4	Duyunian													509
					Toyonian											510 *
					Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian		Botomian											514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian		Atdabanian											515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian		Tommotian											521
		Stage 2														525.5
		Fortunian														529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian													530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																					635