PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Permian Subages of Germany	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran												0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian										Middle Pleistocene		0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian										Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan												1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan											MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian											MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Tertiary †									Late Pliocene	MN 16	2.58
				Waipipian											MN 16	3
															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene		3.6
				Opoitian												3.7
															MN 14	4.2
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										Late Miocene		5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan												7.2
		Tortonian											Pannonian		MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
															MN 9	9.7
			Southland	Waiauan											MN 9	11.04
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian											Sarmatian	Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8	11.63
													Badenian		MN 6	12.8 *
				Lillburnian									Badenian		MN 6	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian											MN 5	13.82
				Clifdenian												15.1
			Pareora	Altonian												15.9
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene	MN 4	15.98
															MN 3	16.9
				Otaian											MN 3	18.7
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														20.44
			Landon	Waitakian												21.7
															MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene		23.03
				Duntroonian												25.2
				Whaingaroan												27.3
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene		33.9
			Arnold	Runangan												34.6
				Kaiatan												36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan										Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian												39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian												41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
				Heretaungan												45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan										Early Eocene		47.8
				Mangaorapan												48.9
				Waipawan												52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian										Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian												66
		Campanian		Haumurian												72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan												83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
				Mangaotanean												90.5
				Arowhanan												93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian					Leine	264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †						455.2 *
				Longvillian †					Aurelucian	456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian	467.3		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian	470
				Whitlandian	471.1 *
				Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †						497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					504.5
																509