PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian		Lancian/Edmontonian								66
				Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan								72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic										100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian				Neocomian										125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan												145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan												150
						Heterian												154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan												164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan												176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan												184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran												188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
				Norian		Warepan												208.5
						Otamitan												217
						Oretian												221
				Carnian		Oretian												227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan												237
				Ladinian		Etalian												238
				Anisian		Etalian												242
				Anisian		Malakovian												246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian												247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian												249
				Induan		Nelsonian												251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan												251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan												251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian												253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian											Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan											Longtanian †	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian												259.51
Wordian				264.28		Flettian
Wordian				Barettian		266
Roadian						266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian		283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
			Pragian				Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																		1400