PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125959 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Carboniferous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan										184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran										188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian		Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
				Carnian		Oretian										227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian		Etalian										238
				Anisian		Etalian										242
				Anisian		Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
Induan				251.2		Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian		Wordian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian		Wordian	266
			Roadian				Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
								Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						283.5
					Telfordian				285
					Telfordian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
			Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli								Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
			Rhuddanian										440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
		Ectasian													1200
		Calymmian													1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
		Orosirian													1800
		Rhyacian													2050
		Siderian													2300
Archean	Neoarchean														2500
	Mesoarchean														2800
	Paleoarchean														3200
	Eoarchean														3600
Hadean															4000
																4600