PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian			MP 16		Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan										150
				Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian		Warepan										208.5
				Otamitan										217
				Oretian										221
		Carnian		Oretian										227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian		Etalian										238
		Anisian		Etalian										242
		Anisian		Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
		Induan		Nelsonian										251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan									Meishanian	251.902
				Waiitian				253.2					Meishanian
								Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Laoshanian	254.14
				Puruhauan					Laoshanian	254.2
				Puruhauan					Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian					Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian					Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian						266
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian						276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian						283.5
				Telfordian						285
				Telfordian					Longlinian	285.4 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian							Zisongian	293.52
		Asselian								Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
									300.1
									Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
							Westphalian C		309.8
							Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B		315.2
							Westphalian A		317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
							Marsdenian		320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
							Alportian		322 *
							Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian		323.2
							Arnsbergian		324 *
							Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
						Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian				Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian	489.5
								Aksaian		490.7 *
								Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian								Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian								Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan								Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
								Toyonian		510 *
								Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian		514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			521
														525.5