PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras										168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										174.7
				Planulata										179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi								179.8 *
				Kanense										181.3 *
				Carlottense										182.3 *
				Kunae										183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae										184.2
				Freboldi										185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras									186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras									189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis									190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras								196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian							Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian							Laoshanian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Laibinian				Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian				290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
									300.1
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian				498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian	Branchian						509
		Stage 3			Branchian						514
		Stage 3			Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8