PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of Western Europe	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian				MN 17				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				MN 16		Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian				MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean				MN 15				3.6
						MN 14				4.2
						MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				MN 13				5.333
		Tortonian				MN 12				7.246
						MN 11				7.75
						MN 10				8.7
						MN 9				9.7
						MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian				MN 7 + 8				11.63
		Serravallian				MN 6				12.8 *
		Langhian				MN 5				13.82
		Burdigalian				MN 4				15.98
						MN 3				16.9
						MN 2				20
		Aquitanian				MN 2				20.44
		Aquitanian				MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	489.5
						Aksaian	490.7 *
						Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian				509
						Toyonian			510 *
						Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian			514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
										538.8