PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan								56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan				150
								Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian						Warepan				208.5
								Otamitan				217
								Oretian				221
		Carnian						Oretian				227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian						Etalian				238
		Anisian						Etalian				242
		Anisian						Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian				249
		Induan						Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan				251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian			Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan			Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian				259.51
		Wordian	264.28					Flettian
		Wordian	Barettian			266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian			283.5
			Telfordian			285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian			393.3
		Pragian		Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
												538.8