PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Eastern North America	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian													Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian															3.1 *
				Zanclean	Ruscinian															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian															5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian										Pannonian					7.246
				Tortonian	Vallesian										Pannonian					8.7
				Serravallian	Astaracian										Sarmatian					11.63
				Serravallian											Badenian					12.8 *
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian															15.98
				Burdigalian	Agenian															20
				Aquitanian	Agenian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
				Wordian		Noginskian														264.9 *
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian														276.8 *
				Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian														283.5
				Artinskian		Rusavkinian														287.6 *
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian																293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian		307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
			Visean	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
								Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
								Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
	Viru						Rakvere	450.6 *
							Oandu	452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †			453
							Haljala				453.9
							Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †					457.5 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Lasnamagi		Dobrotivian				458.9 *
							Lasnamagi		Oretanian				459.7 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
							Aseri			Sarka †			461.7 *
	Oeland						Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum					464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †				467.3
									Arenigian					468
							Billingen							469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
								Latorp †						470.1 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg		Tremadocian					477.7
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort							485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													509
		Series 2	Stage 3													514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian															635
			Tonian															720
			Tonian														Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
			Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian	1200													Yurmatian
			Ectasian	Burzyan													1375
																				1400