PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene			0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian	MN 17			Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian	MN 17			Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16			Mangapanian	Late Pliocene		Tertiary †	2.58
			MN 16			Waipipian				3
			MN 15							3.2
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene			3.6
						Opoitian				3.7
			MN 14							4.2
			MN 13							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene			5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian	MN 12	Pannonian						7.246
			MN 11							7.75
			MN 10							8.7
			MN 9							9.7
			MN 9		Southland	Waiauan				11.04
			MN 7 + 8							11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8	Sarmatian			Middle Miocene			11.63
			MN 6	Badenian						12.8 *
			MN 6	Badenian		Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian	MN 5			Lillburnian				13.82
						Clifdenian				15.1
					Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian	MN 4				Early Miocene			15.98
			MN 3							16.9
			MN 3			Otaian				18.7
			MN 2							20
		Aquitanian								20.44
					Landon	Waitakian				21.7
			MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene			23.03
						Duntroonian				25.2
						Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene			33.9
					Arnold	Runangan				34.6
						Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan	Middle Eocene			37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian				41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
						Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan	Early Eocene			47.8
						Mangaorapan				48.9
						Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian				Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
						Mangaotanean				90.5
						Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
						Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan		100.5
						Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian				Korangan		113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
										509