PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene	MN 17				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene	MN 16		Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian							Late Pliocene	MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean							Early Pliocene	MN 15				3.6
										MN 14				4.2
										MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene	MN 13				5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian		MN 12				7.246
										MN 11				7.75
										MN 10				8.7
										MN 9				9.7
										MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian						Sarmatian	Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8				11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian		MN 6				12.8 *
		Langhian								MN 5				13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene	MN 4				15.98
										MN 3				16.9
										MN 2				20
		Aquitanian								MN 2				20.44
		Aquitanian								MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25					Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian	MP 16						Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5					Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian			Leine		264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				485.4
		Stage 10		Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian		Festiniogian				489.5
		Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian		Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
														538.8