PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian															7.246
				Serravallian	Sarmatian															11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian															12.8 *
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian										Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
														Kawhia	Ohauan					150
															Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian											Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian										Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian											Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian											Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian											Warepan					208.5
															Otamitan					217
															Oretian					221
				Carnian											Oretian					227
				Carnian										Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian											Etalian					238
				Anisian											Etalian					242
				Anisian											Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian											Nelsonian					249
				Induan											Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan										DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian											Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian											Waiitian				Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian											Puruhauan				Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian		264.28
			Wordian			Barettian		266
			Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian		283.5	Mangapirian
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
			Dapingian									467.3
			Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10										487.5
			Jiangshanian										489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †										497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																				1400