PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of North America			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian													0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean												Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean													3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean													4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian											7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian		Pannonian											11.1
		Serravallian			Sarmatian											11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian											12.8 *
		Langhian	Shanwangian													13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian													15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan													16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian									Epizigzagiceras					168.2
		Bajocian									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
		Aalenian									Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
											Planulata					179.3 *
											Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
											Kanense					181.3 *
											Carlottense					182.3 *
											Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian									Kunae					184.2
											Freboldi					185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian														192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian									Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian		Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian		Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan				487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan				489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan					Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran					Stage 5 †			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran					Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4		Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran								514
				Montezuman								514.8 *
				Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																538.8