PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of China		Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian												0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean										Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean												3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean												4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian							7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian					Pannonian							11.1
		Serravallian						Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian	Shanwangian												13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian												15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan												16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
		Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian										Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
												Filipovian			276.5 *
				Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian	Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Paibian				494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian		Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4					Duyunian		Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3					Nangaoian		Dyeran				514
									Montezuman				514.8 *
									Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian						530.7
															538.8