PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian											0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean									Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean											3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean											4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian											11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian											11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian											13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian											15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan											16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan			150
											Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian									Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian									Warepan			208.5
											Otamitan			217
											Oretian			221
		Carnian									Oretian			227
		Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian									Etalian			238
		Anisian									Etalian			242
		Anisian									Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian			249
		Induan		251.2							Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		264.28
						Barettian		266
				Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian				273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian						283.5
			Telfordian			285
			Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
				Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian		443.8
		Katian				Bolindian		445.2
						Eastonian		449 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian				Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian				Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian				Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian		470
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
						Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian				Lancefieldian		477.7
						Warendian		482.8 *
						Warendian		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian				Jiangshanian		489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian								Paibian		494
									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian				Guzhangian			499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian				Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan	Duyunian						509
						Toyonian		Lenian †					510 *
						Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian	Nangaoian						514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian	Nangaoian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	Meishucunian						521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian						Manykaian †					529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian	Manykaian †					530.7
														538.8