PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of Britain		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian												33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan												37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan												56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian											Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan	150
														Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian												Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian											Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian												Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian												Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian												Warepan	208.5
														Otamitan	217
														Oretian	221
		Carnian												Oretian	227
		Carnian											Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian												Etalian	238
		Anisian												Etalian	242
		Anisian												Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian												Nelsonian	249
		Induan												Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan											DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian												Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †								Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †								Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian					264.28							Flettian
		Wordian					Barettian	266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian	283.5
							Telfordian	285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway					358.9
			Middle Famennian						365.3 *
			Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean					372.2
			Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
			Early Frasnian						379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan					Cazenovian	382.7
			Middle Givetian							383.7 *
			Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Southwoodian						387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Southwoodian						390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian					Helderbergian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian						398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian							410.8
			Middle Lochkovian							412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian							415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	St Davids		497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
															538.8