PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126138 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Australia	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean												0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean												0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean						Late Pleistocene						0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean						Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian						Middle Pleistocene						0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian						Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan												1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene					Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean							Early Pliocene						3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian						Early Pliocene						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian												9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian						Middle Miocene						11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian												12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene						15.98
			Hemingfordian												16.3
			Arikareean												18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene						23.03
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene						27.82
			Whitneyan												29.5
			Orellan												31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian						Late Eocene						33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean						Late Eocene						37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean						Middle Eocene						37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan												39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan												41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian												46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian						Early Eocene						47.8
			Wasatchian												50.5
			Clarkforkian												54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian						Late Paleocene						56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian						Late Paleocene						56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian						Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian						Middle Paleocene						60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian						Early Paleocene						61.6
		Danian	Puercan						Early Paleocene						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan			150
												Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		264.28
						Barettian		266
				Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian				273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian		Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian				288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †						298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †						303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian						443.8
		Katian	Bolindian						445.2
			Eastonian						449 *
			Gisbornian						452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian						467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian						470
			Bendigonian						471.8 *
			Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian						477.7
			Warendian						482.8 *
			Warendian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian						Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Datsonian		485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian		489.5
			Aksaian										490.7 *
			Sakian										492.2 *
		Paibian									Idamean		494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Idamean		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								Mindyallan		Series 3 †	497
			Ayusokkanian								Boomerangian			499
			Mayan/Menevian								Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian									Undillan			500.5
		Drumian									Floran			503
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan				Templetonian				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan					Ordian				Stage 5 †			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
			Toyonian						Lenian †					510 *
			Toyonian											510.8 *
			Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian											514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian											521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †					529
															538.8