PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †			2.58
		Zanclean							3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian						11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian						12.5
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
			Hemingfordian						16.3
			Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
			Whitneyan						29.5
			Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian						47.8
			Wasatchian						50.5
			Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian	Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian					66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic					100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
									509