PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						0
				Northgrippian						0.0042
				Greenlandian						0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian					0.0117
				Chibanian	Sheridanian					0.129
				Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
				Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan					0.774
				Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
				Gelasian						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean						3.6
				Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					4.7
			Miocene	Messinian						5.333
				Tortonian						7.246
				Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
				Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					11.63
				Serravallian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
				Langhian						13.82
				Burdigalian						15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
				Aquitanian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
						Monroecreekian				23.1 *
						Geringian				24.7 *
				Rupelian		Geringian				27.82
				Rupelian						29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
				Priabonian						37
				Bartonian						37.71
				Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
				Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
				Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
				Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			56
				Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			56.2
				Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
				Selandian			To3/To2/To1			60.9
				Danian			To3/To2/To1			61.6
				Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
				Aptian						113
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
				Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						168.2
				Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
				Pliensbachian						184.2
				Sinemurian						192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	443.8
			Katian		Bolindian	445.2
					Eastonian	449 *
					Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
					Bendigonian	471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian	482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						1000
		Ectasian						1200
		Calymmian						1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian						1600
		Orosirian						1800
		Rhyacian						2050
		Siderian						2300
Archean	Neoarchean							2500
	Mesoarchean							2800
	Paleoarchean							3200
	Eoarchean							3600
Hadean								4000
										4600