PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian							Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian	Sheridanian							Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan							Middle Pleistocene					0.21
				Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan							Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian												1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene				Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean								Early Pliocene					3.6
				Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian							Early Pliocene					4.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian												9.4
				Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							Middle Miocene					11.63
				Serravallian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian												12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian								Early Miocene					15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian												16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian											18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene					23.03
						Monroecreekian											23.1 *
						Geringian											24.7 *
				Rupelian		Geringian						Early Oligocene					27.82
				Rupelian								Early Oligocene					29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian							Late Eocene					33.9
				Priabonian								Late Eocene					37
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene					37.71
				Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan												39.7
				Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan												41.2
				Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian												46.2
				Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							Early Eocene					47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean												50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1										54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					Late Paleocene					56
				Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					Late Paleocene					56.2
				Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Selandian			To3/To2/To1					Middle Paleocene					60.9
				Danian			To3/To2/To1					Early Paleocene					61.6
				Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1					Early Paleocene					63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian										Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
														Kawhia	Ohauan		150
															Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian											Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian										Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Pliensbachian											Ururoan		184.2
Aratauran				Pliensbachian				188.9
				Sinemurian				192.9
				Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour				Otapirian	201.4
			Norian					Warepan	208.5
								Otamitan	217
								Oretian	221
			Carnian					Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore				Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian					Etalian	238
			Anisian					Etalian	242
			Anisian					Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
			Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville				Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian					Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian					Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian				Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian						Flettian		264.28
						Barettian			266
				Murgabian					266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian					273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian			276
				Bolorian					279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
				Yakhtashian		Telfordian			286
				Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	443.8
			Katian				Bolindian	445.2
							Eastonian	449 *
							Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian				Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian				Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian				Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian	470
							Bendigonian	471.8 *
							Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian				Lancefieldian	477.7
							Warendian	482.8 *
							Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian					489.5
							Aksaian					490.7 *
							Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian					Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian						499.5
			Drumian				Mayan/Menevian						500.5
			Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			Stage 5 †			504.5
Series 2		Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan					509
							Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
							Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian					514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian					515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2					Tommotian					521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																	1400