PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian											0.0117
		Chibanian	Sheridanian											0.129
		Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
		Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan											0.774
		Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian											4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						Pannonian					9.4
		Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						Sarmatian					11.63
			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						Sarmatian					12.5
									Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian											16.3
			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Monroecreekian										23.1 *
				Geringian										24.7 *
		Rupelian		Geringian										27.82
		Rupelian												29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
		Priabonian												37
		Bartonian												37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan											41.2
		Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											47.8
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1									60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1									61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian				Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
							Filipovian			276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
							Irginian		285.9 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan						Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian						Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian						Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian					Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan			Stage 5 †				504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran			Stage 5 †				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran			Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4			Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran							514
					Montezuman							514.8 *
					Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8