PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian							0.0117
		Chibanian	Sheridanian							0.129
		Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan							0.21
		Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan							0.774
		Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian							1.4
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean								3.6
		Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian				7.246
		Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Pannonian				9.4
		Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Sarmatian				11.63
			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			Sarmatian				12.5
						Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian							16.3
			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian						18.5
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
				Monroecreekian						23.1 *
				Geringian						24.7 *
		Rupelian		Geringian						27.82
		Rupelian								29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian								37
		Bartonian								37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							46.2
		Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							47.8
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1					60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1					61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	504.5
										509