PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean						Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan								3.6
			Montehermosan								3.7 *
			Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
			Chasicoan								7.9 *
			Mayoan								9.9 *
			Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan								11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian	Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian								15.98
			Santacrucian								16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican								56
			Itaboraian								56.9 *
			Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
					Planulata						179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
					Kanense	181.3 *
					Carlottense	182.3 *
					Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae	184.2
					Freboldi	185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †						497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †		504.5
											509